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Terminology· 2 min

Training vs inference

Training builds the model (very expensive, one time). Inference is running it to answer a request (cheap, but constant).

Key idea

Training a frontier model can cost $100M+ and take months on 10k+ GPUs. Inference is what you pay for per API call.

Example

GPT-4-class training cost is estimated at ~$100M. A single ChatGPT reply costs fractions of a cent.

What to remember

  • Inference dominates lifetime cost of a deployed model
  • Distillation and quantization mostly optimize inference
  • Serving = scheduling, batching, KV-cache management